There are two kinds of the distance-degree matrices: one is based on the vertex-distance matrix and the vertex-degrees and the other is based on the edge -distance matrix and edge-degrees.
The vertex-distance-vertex-degree matrix of a simple graph G with V vertices, denoted by vDvd (p,q,r), is a square V x V matrix defined as [262,263]:
[vDvd (p,q,r)]ij= |
l p(i,j)d q(i)d r(j) if i ≠ j |
0 otherwise (81) |
where, as before, l(i,j) is the shortest graph-theoretical distance between vertices i and j, and d(i), d(j) are the degrees of vertices i and j. The parameters p,q and r are natural numbers. The structure of a particular vertex-distance-vertex-degree matrix depends on the selected numerical values of these parameters. For example, if we choose the following values for the parameters: p=1, q=0 and r=0, then the vDvd matrix obtained will be identical to the vertex-distance matrix. If, on the other hand, we choose a slightly different set of parameter values such as p=-1, q=0 and r=0, then the vDvd matrix obtained is identical with the vertex-Harary matrix. As an example of computing the vertex-distance-vertex-degree matrix, we give below this matrix for T2 with parameters p=1, q=1 and r=1.
vDvd(1,1,1,T2)= |
0 |
3 |
6 |
6 |
8 |
5 |
3 |
2 |
||
3 |
0 |
9 |
12 |
18 |
12 |
6 |
3 |
|||
6 |
9 |
0 |
6 |
12 |
9 |
3 |
6 |
|||
6 |
12 |
6 |
0 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
6 |
|||
8 |
18 |
12 |
4 |
0 |
2 |
6 |
8 |
|||
5 |
12 |
9 |
4 |
2 |
0 |
4 |
5 |
|||
3 |
6 |
3 |
4 |
6 |
4 |
0 |
3 |
|||
2 |
3 |
6 |
6 |
8 |
5 |
3 |
0 |
From the definition of vertex-distance-vertex-degree matrix, it can be seen that non-symmetric vDvd matrices are obtained if q≠ r. As an example consider G1 (see structure A in Figure 2) with parameters: p=1, q=2 and r=1.
vDvd(1,2,1,G1)= |
0 |
2 |
6 |
6 |
8 |
9 |
4 |
||
4 |
0 |
12 |
16 |
24 |
24 |
12 |
|||
18 |
18 |
0 |
18 |
36 |
27 |
18 |
|||
12 |
16 |
12 |
0 |
8 |
24 |
12 |
|||
16 |
24 |
24 |
8 |
0 |
12 |
8 |
|||
27 |
36 |
27 |
36 |
18 |
0 |
9 |
|||
4 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
4 |
3 |
0 |
The edge-distance-edge-degree matrix of a simple graph G with V vertices, denoted by eDed (p,q,r), is a vertex-distance-vertex-degree matrix of the of the corresponding line graph L(G). If we select the following values of parameters p=1, q=0 and r=0, the resulting eDed matrix of G will be identical to the edge-distance matrix of L(G). Selection of the parameters p=-1, q=0 and r=0, yields the eDed matrix of G identical to the vertex-Harary matrix of L(G). Below we give the eDed matrix of G1 (presented in Figure 2) for the parameters selection p= - 1, q=0 and r=0.
eDed(-1,0,0,G1)= |
0 |
1 |
1/2 |
1/3 |
1/3 |
1/3 |
1/2 |
||
1 |
0 |
1 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
1 |
|||
1/2 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
1 |
|||
1/3 |
1/2 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
|||
1/3 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
|||
1/3 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
|||
1/2 |
1 |
1 |
1/2 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
The edge-distance-edge-degree matrix is non-symmetric similarly to the vertex-distance-vertex-degree matrix for q≠ r. This is illustrated for T2 with the following parameters: p=1, q=1 and r=2. The line graph of T2 is shown in Figure 39.
Figure 39. The labeled line graph L(T2) of the tree T2.
eDed(1,1,2,T2)= |
0 |
32 |
36 |
24 |
8 |
16 |
8 |
||
16 |
0 |
36 |
32 |
12 |
16 |
16 |
|||
24 |
48 |
0 |
12 |
6 |
12 |
24 |
|||
24 |
64 |
18 |
0 |
2 |
16 |
24 |
|||
16 |
48 |
8 |
4 |
0 |
12 |
16 |
|||
16 |
32 |
18 |
16 |
6 |
0 |
16 |
|||
8 |
32 |
36 |
24 |
8 |
16 |
0 |
The distance-degree matrices can be used to generate the distance-degree descriptors [264,265].