4.26 The Distance-Degree Matrices

There are two kinds of the distance-degree matrices: one is based on the vertex-distance matrix and the vertex-degrees and the other is based on the edge -distance matrix and edge-degrees.

The vertex-distance-vertex-degree matrix of a simple graph G with V vertices, denoted by vDvd (p,q,r), is a square V x V matrix defined as [262,263]:

[vDvd (p,q,r)]ij=
  l p(i,j)d q(i)d r(j)        if ij
  0                              otherwise                      (81) 

where, as before, l(i,j) is the shortest graph-theoretical distance between vertices i and j, and d(i), d(j) are the degrees of vertices i and j. The parameters p,q and r are natural numbers. The structure of a particular vertex-distance-vertex-degree matrix depends on the selected numerical values of these parameters. For example, if we choose the following values for the parameters: p=1, q=0 and r=0, then the vDvd matrix obtained will be identical to the vertex-distance matrix. If, on the other hand, we choose a slightly different set of parameter values such as p=-1, q=0 and r=0, then the vDvd matrix obtained is identical with the vertex-Harary matrix. As an example of computing the vertex-distance-vertex-degree matrix, we give below this matrix for T2 with parameters p=1, q=1 and r=1.

vDvd(1,1,1,T2)=
0
3
6
6
8
5
3
2
3
0
9
12
18
12
6
3
6
9
0
6
12
9
3
6
6
12
6
0
4
4
4
6
8
18
12
4
0
2
6
8
5
12
9
4
2
0
4
5
3
6
3
4
6
4
0
3
2
3
6
6
8
5
3
0

From the definition of vertex-distance-vertex-degree matrix, it can be seen that non-symmetric vDvd matrices are obtained if qr. As an example consider G1 (see structure A in Figure 2) with parameters: p=1, q=2 and r=1.

vDvd(1,2,1,G1)=
0
2
6
6
8
9
4
4
0
12
16
24
24
12
18
18
0
18
36
27
18
12
16
12
0
8
24
12
16
24
24
8
0
12
8
27
36
27
36
18
0
9
4
6
6
6
4
3
0

The edge-distance-edge-degree matrix of a simple graph G with V vertices, denoted by eDed (p,q,r), is a vertex-distance-vertex-degree matrix of the of the corresponding line graph L(G). If we select the following values of parameters p=1, q=0 and r=0, the resulting eDed matrix of G will be identical to the edge-distance matrix of L(G). Selection of the parameters p=-1, q=0 and r=0, yields the eDed matrix of G identical to the vertex-Harary matrix of L(G). Below we give the eDed matrix of G1 (presented in Figure 2) for the parameters selection p= - 1, q=0 and r=0.

eDed(-1,0,0,G1)=
0
1
1/2
1/3
1/3
1/3
1/2
1
0
1
1/2
1/2
1/2
1
1/2
1
0
1
1/2
1/2
1
1/3
1/2
1
0
1
1/2
1/2
1/3
1/2
1/2
1
0
1
1
1/3
1/2
1/2
1/2
1
0
1
1/2
1
1
1/2
1
1
0

The edge-distance-edge-degree matrix is non-symmetric similarly to the vertex-distance-vertex-degree matrix for qr. This is illustrated for T2 with the following parameters: p=1, q=1 and r=2. The line graph of T2 is shown in Figure 39.

Figure 39. The labeled line graph L(T2) of the tree T2.

eDed(1,1,2,T2)=
0
32
36
24
8
16
8
16
0
36
32
12
16
16
24
48
0
12
6
12
24
24
64
18
0
2
16
24
16
48
8
4
0
12
16
16
32
18
16
6
0
16
8
32
36
24
8
16
0

The distance-degree matrices can be used to generate the distance-degree descriptors [264,265].

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